But this has been used for fuel as the forest trees diminished. Table 4. Ethiopia one of the fastest-growing economies in the continent. Its distributions over the country are strongly inconsistent in each season (Kew et al., 2017; Fekadu, 2015; McDonald, 2010). The countryhas a huge labor force and water resources. Ethiopia's total export earnings by value declined by 2.3% in 2017/2018 from the previous year. Ethiopia. Science Business. In some parts, utilization of the water resources is hindered because of the undulating topography of the country. Advertisement. Such developmental policy should take into account religious preference, cultural habits of the people, and protection against losses of biodiversity by strengthening the successive strategic plans. The above-raised problems contributed a picture of increased degradation of existing arable land, as well as difficulties with making new arable land in the future. Table 10. To make a sustainable intensification of crop and animal production, conserving water resources, adoption of ecosystem-based approaches, such as conservation agriculture, applying environmentally safe agricultural inputs, keeping soil healthy, and use of improved genetic material and nutrient management are required to boost Ethiopian agriculture. The future focus of the Ethiopian government and people will be investing in infrastructure including the promotion of water development technologies, especially investing in irrigation that provides an opportunity to improve the productivity of land and labor (Bekele et al., 2007). About 80% of Ethiopia's people work in agriculture. However, the main causes of poverty in Ethiopia are brought on by the effects of its economy revolving around agriculture. MoFAN (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands). This report also argued that the farmers are barely able to feed their families and contributed to further environmental deterioration. Among the sub-sectors of agriculture, crop production is a major contributor to GDP accounting for approximately 28% in 2005/2006. ILRI (International Livestock Research Institute). The rapidly growing population is a source of labor to exploit the existing resources for agricultural-sector investors. For example, in 1913/14 (Northern Ethiopia), 1920/22, 1932/34, 1953, 1957/58, 1964/66, and 1973/74 (Tigray and Wolo), 19831984, 19871988, and 199092, 1993/94 (Wolde-Georgis, 1997) and recently in 2015/2016 (Eastern parts of Ethiopia followed by ElNio). The rapidly increasing populations, depletion of soil fertility, landlessness, climate change, deforestation, and degradation of natural resources are serious problems of developing nations that need urgent actions. Ethiopia's HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate hovers around 1.1%. It was highly aggravated in the Middle East countries of the world (Figure 2). Your email address will not be published. UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification). FAO (2016) indicated that in Ethiopia the water flows along the Nile Basin, Rift valley, Shebelli-Juba, and the Northeast coast has the potential to irrigate about 5.7 million ha., but at present, about 2.7 million ha is utilized. They may forceto cut down the tree to make charcoal. Dryland areas in Ethiopia encompass pastoral and agro-pastoral areas in the country and have long been regarded as peripheries especially in economic terms. Registered in England & Wales No. The amount of river-based water in Ethiopia could be 124.4 billion cubic meters (Berhanu et al., 2014). The farmers continued to utilize their ancient system of production despite changing ecological and population pressures. Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming 2. agriculture, poverty and illiteracy are important causes of land and environmental degradation in Ethiopia. Summary of the spatial variability of surface water in Ethiopia. Therefore, it requires committed and greater efforts of government and its people. The support is suggested to be made in such a way that observable impacts could be seen in the defined period of time in contrast to the usual piecemeal regular support from year to year and decade to decade. Ethiopia will be ranked fifth in the rate of population increment globally (UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs), 2019). Ethiopia is a landlocked country split by the Great Rift Valley. Loss of Arable Land threaten world food supplies, Ethiopia - Average consumer prices inflation rate. The population of Sub-Saharan Africa countries projected to be doubled by 2050 (increased by 99%) (UNDESA, 2015). Furthermore, it is used for utilizing the countrys agricultural productivity growth, political commitment, and scrutinize the necessity of mechanized farms at the national level. Mart. Despite the numerous challenges, Ethiopia has marvelous opportunities like the commercialization of fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plant productions. Required fields are marked *. It caused severe loss of fertile soil and disturbs the sustainability of land resources due to the low supply of organic matter (Gashaw et al., 2014; Taddese, 2001). In general, land degradation is an impediment to realizing food security in reducing hunger (FAO, 2017). Deforestation or forest degradation in Ethiopia takes a lead among the major problems that forest resources are encountered. Perhaps, environmental degradation, climate change, and limited advanced agricultural technology tend to be affecting much more the older farmers than their younger, healthier, and better-educated counterparts. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The reduced precipitation and rise of temperature could influence agricultural practices and their results widely (Shekuru et al., 2020). . Furthermore, mitigating the variability of climate change helps the most vulnerable group of the society to stabilize farmers income during drought and poor output (Shekuru et al., 2020). Shortage of finance is one of the major problems facing small farmers. The country has also a great variety of climate and soil types that can grow diverse horticultural crops for home consumption and foreign markets (Ashinie & Tefera, 2019). Mean level of fragmentation (Simpson index), across Woredas of Ethiopia. Salinity and Sodicity/alkalinity are the major problems that resulted in the valley due to irrigation practices in the enterprise. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". The allocation and utilization of resources through the channels mainly face corruptions that ultimately resulted in food insecurity through jeopardizing crop and livestock production and fisheries. The rapid population growth and the higher proportion of the youth are the current challenges facing Ethiopia as these younger generations are landless. Ethiopia seed system development strategy, Water resources and irrigation development in Ethiopia, International Water Management Institute (IWMI), Theoretical and empirical review of Ethiopian water resource potentials, challenges and future development opportunities, Proxy global assessment of land degradation, review article, Challenges and potential of future agricultural development in Jordan: Role of education and entrepreneurship, Climate variability and farmers Perception in Southern Ethiopia, Projecting Ethiopian demographics from 20122050 using the spectrum suite of models, Livelihood options of landless households and land contracts in north-west Ethiopia, Policies and programs affecting land management practices, input use, and productivity in the highlands of Amhara region, Ethiopia, International Food Policy Research Institute, Surface water and groundwater resources of Ethiopia: Potentials and challenges of water resources development, Deforestation and land degradation in the Ethiopian Highlands: A strategy for physical recovery, Deforestation and land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands: A strategy for physical recovery, Policies to promote cereal intensification in Ethiopia: A review of evidence and experience, The Future Prospects for Global Arable Land, CSIRO Plant Industry, CRC Tropical Plant Protection, University of Queensland. The disintegrated practices cost more budget and even may not meet their purpose due to mismanagement along the multiple channels. Encouraging the participation of investors in the agricultural sector would improve their income and opportunities of society in rural areas and reduce the root causes of migration and poverty in the future. (2010). The global soil organic carbon nets primary production is reduced at least by 5% due to the loss of natural ecosystem functions, which is estimated at an economic value of between 6.3 USD-$10.6 trillion per year (or 1017% of global GDP) (UNCCD, 2019). Land degradation. Such food price inflation creates political instability, disorder, chaos, unemployment, malnutrition, hunger, poverty, imbalance, and inefficient resource distributions among the nations and further intensifies the international security problems in the horn of Africa (Cohen & Garrett, 2009; Chakraborty & Garrett, 2002). The interaction between human population and agricultural production is complex.Intense debates have been continued on population growth against agricultural development. 6 What are the problems with agriculture in Ethiopia? Therefore, rectifications of the agricultural policies across the country that support the young generation might be important to increase production and productivity (Anriquez & Stloukal, 2008). We use cookies to improve your website experience. It does not store any personal data. A rural community settlement has another negative impact on the utilization of farmlands for mechanization. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. 4. Crop and animal diseases such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes; insect pests, rodents, and birds are common problems in Ethiopia. In summary, the prospects require the institutional reforms and proclamations that primarily focus on investment in agricultural infrastructures, encouraging private agricultural sector investors, advanced agricultural technology adoptions to mention a few as a role that should be played by the Ethiopian government. Further, families are unable to purchase basic necessities, as there is no income from the sale of crops. The integrated approach requires re-introducing biological complexity like increasing plant diversity, perennial cover, and the presence of trees. the major issues discussed are: instability in grain prices finance and credit post production losses transportation and communication grades and standards storage processing information transactions costs f table 1: problems and knowledge gaps in grain marketing and probable solutions a constraint for In short, unemployment, waterlogging in wetland areas, salinity in arid and semi-arid areas, acidity in high rainfall areas, pests (like weeds, diseases, and insects), and erratic rainfall distribution are the common problems. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has identified key priority intervention areas to increase productivity of smallholder farms and expand large-scale commercial farms. 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